LINKERS DE TIEMPO

1. LINKERS MÁS COMUNES DE TIEMPO
Podemos usar los siguientes LINKERS para hablar de tiempo: when, before, after, until, while, etc.
WHEN, BEFORE Y AFTER
Usamos los ‘LINKERS’ ‘when‘, ‘before‘ y ‘after‘ para mostrar el orden de los eventos.
- I’ll call you when we get back from our holiday.
- I locked the back door before I went to bed.
- I went to bed after I locked he back door.
Recuerda que tras ‘after‘ y ‘before‘ siempre debemos emplear gerundio si colocamos un verbo.
WHEN, WHILE Y UNTIL
También podemos usar los ‘LINKERS’ ‘when‘, ‘while‘ y ‘until‘ para hablar sobre un periodo de tiempo.
- We heard the news when we were in France.
- Wait here until I get back.
- I broke my arm while I was playing tennis.
WHILE VS DURING
Los ‘LINKERS’ ‘while‘ y ‘during‘ funcionan de una manera diferente. ‘while‘ va seguido de una oración, normalmente en pasado continuo; ‘during‘ va seguido de un sustantivo.
- I broke my arm while I was playing tennis.
- I broke my arm during a game of tennis.
Recuerda que ‘during‘ no se debe usar con expresiones de tiempo como ‘two days‘ o ‘one hour‘. Con este tipo de expresiones mejor usar la partícula ‘for‘.
AS SOON AS
‘As soon as‘ significa ‘inmediatamente cuando’.
- Please call us as soon as you arrive.
2. LINKERS DE TIEMPO FUTURO
Cuando empleamos este tipo de ‘LINKERS’, como por ejemplo ‘when‘, before‘, ‘after‘, ‘until‘ o ‘as soon as‘ para referirnos al futuro, debemos usar la forma verbal de presente y no de futuro en la oración que sigue a estas partículas.
- I think I’ll get a good job when I finish university.
- She will come and visit us before she leaves.
- We’re going to have a long holiday after she gets out of hospital.
- Will they wait until she comes?
- I’ll call you as soon as I have any news.
Como ya hemos mencionado en apartados anteriores, la parte de la ‘LINKING WORD’ puede ir delante, en cuyo caso debe ir separada por una coma de la otra oración.
- As soon as they have any news, they’ll call us.
3. USO DE COMAS
Normalmente, cuando empezamos una oración con una ‘LINKING WORD’, usamos una ‘coma’ (,) en mitad de la oración separando las dos partes. Por contra, esto no sucede si la ‘LINKING WORD’ va en medio de la oración.
- As soon as they have any news, they’ll call us (con coma).
- They’ll call us as soon as they have any news (sin coma).
¿Practicamos lo aprendido?
Linking words for ‘time’
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Pregunta 1 de 6
1. Pregunta
Which action happened first?
1. Miriam went travelling after she finished her university course.CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 2 de 6
2. Pregunta
Which action comes first?
2. I always have a shower before I brush my teeth.CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 3 de 6
3. Pregunta
Which action comes first?
3. We’ll have dinner this evening as soon as you get home from work.CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 4 de 6
4. Pregunta
Which action comes first?
4. We had a big party after I passed my driving test.CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 5 de 6
5. Pregunta
Which action comes first?
5. Don’t worry about washing the dishes – we can do that after you leave.CorrectoIncorrecto -
Pregunta 6 de 6
6. Pregunta
Which action comes first?
6. Wait for me in the café until I finish the shopping.CorrectoIncorrecto
LINKERS PARA HISTORIAS E INSTRUCCIONES

1. DESCRIBIENDO EVENTOS EN EL PASADO
Cuando queremos describir el orden de una serie de eventos que ocurrieron en el pasado (o no) podemos utilizar linkers como ‘first‘ (primero), ‘then‘ (entonces, a continuación), ‘later‘ (después, más tarde), ‘next‘ (seguido) ‘after that‘, ‘in the end‘, ‘during + nombre’, ‘until‘ (hasta), etc.
‘FIRST’
Usamos ‘first‘ para hablar del primer evento.
- Well, you see officer, first a rabbit ran across the road and I stopped quickly.
‘THEN’ & ‘AFTER THAT’
Usamos ‘then‘ y ‘after that‘ para añadir más eventos a la historia que ya hemos empezado a contar.
- Then the car behind me stopped and almos hit me but after that, another car came up really fast and hit the car behind me.
‘IN THE END’
Usamos ‘in the end‘ para el último de una serie de eventos.
- Then nother car came up too fast and another, and in the end, there were six cars there!
También se puede utilizar ‘in the end‘ con el significado de ‘tras mucho tiempo‘.
- In the end, we got our luggage back from the airline.
‘AFTER’ & ‘BEFORE’
Después de ‘after‘ (después de) y ‘before‘ (antes) podemos usar o bien una oración entera, o bien un verbo en gerundio (-ing). Utilizar el gerundio suele verse mucho en escritos, en el ‘writing’.
- I went to bed after I locked the back door.
- I went to bed after locking the back door.
- I decided to travel before I went to university.
- Many school leavers travel before going to university.
‘AFTERWARDS’
Debemos saber distinguir bien entre el uso de ‘after‘ (después de) y ‘afterwards‘, ya que se confunden con frecuencia.
‘After‘ → después de
‘Afterwards‘ → más tarde, luego. Es sinónimo de ‘after that‘.
Después de ‘after‘ tenemos que indicar el evento pasado o primero tras el que ocurre otra cosa.
‘After‘ + evento pasado + evento posterior.
- After watching the film we went to a restaurant.
- We will visit the museum after the tour.
Con ‘afterwards‘ o ‘after that‘ no se indica el evento primero o anterior en la misma oración. Se indica directamente lo que ocurre después. Si se quiere indicar el evento anterior, este debe ir en una oración a parte, bien separado por un punto o por algún otro elemento.
- We watched a film and went to a restaurant afterwards.
- First we will go on a tour. We will visit the museum after that.
‘AS SOON AS’ & ‘EVENTUALLY’
Utilizamos ‘as soon as‘ (tan pronto como) para indicar que un evento ocurre justo después de otro. Por contra, ‘eventually‘ (con el tiempo) se usa con el significado de que un evento ocurre tras otro, pero tras un largo tiempo.
- As soon as they got to the hotel, they phoned their parents.
- At first it seemed impossible. Eventually, she accepted the truth.
2. DANDO INSTRUCCIONES
Para aclarar el orden en el que se deben seguir los pasos de una serie de instrucciones, es común utilizar los ‘LINKERS’ ‘first‘ (primero), ‘next‘ (siguiente), ‘then‘ (luego, después) y ‘finally‘ (finalmente).
- First take five apples, … Next put a little flour in a bowl.
¿Practicamos lo aprendido?
Telling a story
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Pregunta 1 de 6
1. Pregunta
Choose the correct words to fill in the gaps
Last night I was driving home along an empty motorway. Suddenly, I saw a car behind me – It came quite close, (0)Then /Afterit started flashing its lights. (1)__________, I decided not to stop but (2)__________ I saw signs for a petrol station, so I decided to stop there. (3)__________ driving into the petrol station, I parked in front of the restaurant. (4)__________ I noticed the other car again, so I waited (5)__________ opening my car door. A man and a woman got out of the car and I could see they were police officers, so (6)__________ I got out and spoke to them. They explained that one of my back light wasn’t working and that’s why they were following me.(1)
CorrectoIncorrecto -
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2. Pregunta
(2)
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3. Pregunta
(3)
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4. Pregunta
(4)
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(5)
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6. Pregunta
(6)
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¿Practicamos lo aprendido?
Time & Telling a story
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Pregunta 1 de 1
1. Pregunta
Complete the conversation with linking words from the list.
Linking words: after, after that, before, first, in the end, then, until,when, while.
———--
SUE: I’m bored with studying. Let’s go out now.
BRIAN: I want to do a bit more. Let’s go out (0) when Dan arrives.
SUE: Dan isn’t coming this evening. I told you that (1) you were preparing lunch.
BRIAN: Really? I didn’t hear you. Why isn’t he coming?
SUE: He got home from Poland really late last night.
BRIAN: Oh? I thought he was landing at about 6.00.
SUE: Yes, he landed at 6.00 but everything went wrong (2) the plane landed. (3) , everyone had to sit on the plane for over an hour (4) they could get off. (5) one of Dan’s bags didn’t arrive from the plane, and he had to complete a lot of different forms. (6) he had to wait a long time for a train. (7) , he got home at about 1.00 a.m.
BRIAN: Oh no! But Dan never goes to bed early anyway, so why can’t he come out with us?
SUE: The problem is that the airline has found his bag, and he has to wait at home this evening (8) they deliver it.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
¿Practicamos lo aprendido?
Ordenando eventos
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1. Pregunta
Read the information and choose the correct word to complete each gap.
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Vesuvius: a volcano erupts
On a summer morning in the year AD 79 the citizens of the Roman town of Pompeii were woken by a sudden earthaquake. (0)As soon as /
Beforepeople felt the earth shake, they ran out of their houses to see what was happening. Vesuvius, the mountain which lay behind the town, seemed to be on fire.(1) the people were watching, a huge column of black smoke rose from the top of the mountain. (2) the smoke had covered the sky, huge chunks of grey ash and rock started to rain down on the city. The terrified citizens began to run into their houses or along th streets of the city. (3) they were running, a huge cloud of grey poisonous smoke filled the air around the town, killing everybody within a few seconds. (4) , long streams of red-hot rock began to run down the sides of Vesuvius, burning the trees and vegetation. (5) , after eighteen hours, the smoke cleared. Nothing was left. All the citizens of Pompeii were dead and the town had disappeared, buried under three metres of grey ash. It was not seen again (6) it was rediscovered in the eighteenth century.
———-
(0) As soon as |Before
(1) During | While
(2) After | Then
(3) After that | While
(4) When | Later
(5) Eventually | Next
(6) while | until
CorrectoIncorrecto -