DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS (B2)
INTRODUCCIÓN
Se denomina ‘dependent preposition’ a las preposiciones que se suelen usar después de ciertos nombres, verbos o adjetivos. En inglés, al igual que en cualquier otro idioma, es muy importante conocer la preposición que se debe utilizar en cada ocasión dependiendo de la palabra que queramos utilizar. Existen casos en los que solo una preposición puede ser usada, casos en los que hay distintas opciones sin cambio de significado, y casos en los que dependiendo de lo que queramos decir, deberemos elegir unas u otras.
Por ejemplo en inglés ‘acusar a alguien de un crimen‘ se debe decir ‘accuse someone of a crime‘ y solo se puede usar la preposición ‘of‘, no podemos usar otras como ‘at a crime‘ o ‘by a crime‘ o ‘for a crime‘.
ALGUNOS BÁSICOS
Sentimientos
- afraid/scared/terrified/ + of
- Anna is terrified of spiders.
- proud/ashamed/jealous + of
- She’s really ashamed of your behaviour.
- annoyed/worried/upset + about
- I’m not really upset about my team’s results.
- delighted/bored/pleased + with/at/by
- They were bored by the film.
- surprised/amazed/shocked + at/by
- I was really surprised by Mark’s news.
Comportamiento
- nice/kind/unfriendly/mean + to
- She’s very kind to animals.
Habilidad
- good/bad/excellent + at (para referirse a una habilidad que se tiene).
- Mark is excellent at painting.
- good + for (para hablar de algo que representa una ventaja).
- Doing regular exercise is good for you.
- good + to (para hablar de comportamiento)
- Sam is very good to her mother – he does all her shopping.
- capable/incapable + of
- Julia is incapable of making a decision.
Parecido
- Similar/identical + to
- That car is very similar to your last one.
- different + from/to
- Spoken Portuguese is different from Spanish.
Gustos
- keen + on
- Lisa is keen on tracing her family tree.
- fond + of
- Lisa is very fond of books.
- interested/involved + in
- You aren’t very involved in that book, are you?
Otros
- full/short/tired + of
- John can’t go with you – he’s short of money.
- ready/fit/famous/late/sorry + for
- He has only recently become fit for the competition.
Necesidad
- Demand/request/need/wish + for
- There’s a great demand for cheap houses.
Movimiento
- rise/fall/increase/decrease + in
- The banks has announced a rise in interest rates.
Response
- reaction/response/solution/ attitude + to
- Do you get a severe reaction to insect bites?
- We need to find a solution to the problem.
Contacto
- relationship/contact + with
- She has a good relationship with the students.
- relationship + between (cuando hablamos de una relación entre dos personas, grupos o cosas)
- The relationship between Alex and his brother has always been difficult.
- I don’t understand the relationship between global warming and wetter summers.
Otros
- cause/cost/example + of
- The cause of the flooding was heavy rain.
- opinion/knowledge/hope + of
- Britain’s main hope of success lies with it itself.
- advantage/disadvantage + of
- He’s got the advantage of speaking Chinese.
- Matter/trouble/problem + with
- What’s the matter with you today?
- belief/trust/confidence + in
- People don’t have confidence in the government any more.
Existen muchos verbos que no requieren de una preposición en inglés tras ellos, como por ejemplo: answer, demand, discuss, enter, expect, leave, phone, request, etc.
- Everyone clapped when he entered the room.
Algunos verbos sí pueden ir seguidos por una o varias preposiciones, por ejemplo:
- talk to
- talk about
Veamos ahora algunos ejemplos de dependent prepositions:
+ about
complain, hear, know, read, speak (speak to sb about sth), talk, think, write
- Children are always complaining about the food they have to eat.
- I spoke to the manager about the problem with the car.
+ at
arrive, laugh, look, shout, stay
+ for
apologise, apply, ask, care, look
- The Prime Minister apologised for Britain’s involvement in the slave trade.
+ in
arrive, believe, stay, succeed
+ into
bump, crash, drive, run
+ of
approve, consist, hear, think
+ on
concentrate, decide, depend, rely, insist
- The music next door is so loud that I can’t concentrate on my work.
+ to
belong, explain, happen, listen, speak (speak to sb about sth), talk, write
- I spoke to the manager about the problem with the service.
+ with
agree, deal, stay
- Ahmed’s job is to deal with difficult customers.
En algunos casos podemos tener verbos que funcionen con dos objetos y solo uno de ellos lleve preposición, quedando una estructura de:
verbo + objeto + preposición + objeto
- congratulate + sb + on + sth
- Peter’s father congratulated him on his success.
- accuse/remind + sb + of + sth
- She reminded the player of his appointment with the coach.
- ask/blame/criticise/punish + sb + for + sth
- Don’t blame me for your mistakes!
- compare/provide/share + sb/sth + with + sb
- The assistants will provide you with paper.
- borrow/translate/prevent + sb/sth + from + sth
- Do you translate texts from English?
- throw/kick/shout/point + sth + to/at + sb/sth (Con estos verbos la preposición ‘at’ es más violenta que si usamos ‘to).
- He threw the ball to the girl (se la lanzó para que la cogiera)
- He threw the ball at the girl (se la lanzó para golpearla)
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Dependent prepositions (B1/B2)
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Pregunta 1 de 1
1. Pregunta
Match the two parts of the sentences.
Ordenar elementos
- about the state of the economy
- with the press
- in house prices this year
- at playing tennis
- for motor racing
- with finding enough water
- to his father, kirk
- for relaxation
- of playing the saxophone
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The government is very worried
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Princess Diana didn't have a good relationship
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There has been a huge rise
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Pete Sampras was extremely good
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Michael Schumacher is famous
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Some countries have awful problems
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Michael Douglas looks very similar
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Some breathing exercises are very good
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Former US president Bill Clinton is fond
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Dependent prepositions (B1/B2)
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1. Pregunta
Write the correct prepositions.
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COACH: Everyone’s fit (0) Saturday’s match except for Wayne.
MANAGER: Wayne? Why? What’s the matter (1) him?
COACH: His left ankle is painful. We don’t know the cause (2) it yet – he’s having a scan this afternoon – but we may not have him for Saturday.
MANAGER: OK, so we need a new captain for Saturday. How about Ewan?
COACH: I’m not sure. The relationship (3) him and some of the others isn’t great. He’s not good (4) talking to the referee. I think Thierry might be better.
MANAGER: You’re right about Ewan, but I’m still annoyed (5) Thierry’s comments to the press recently, and his attitude (6) the team in general. You now, he’s been late (7) training every day this week.
COACH: OK. Perhaps we could try Roberto. It might be good (8) him to have some responsibility. He’s become a lot calmer since he’s been involved (9) that charity he supports.
MANAGER: You’re right. It’s time to show more confidence (10) him. I’ll tell him later.
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Dependent prepositions (B1/B2)
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Pregunta 1 de 1
1. Pregunta
Match the two parts of the sentences.
Ordenar elementos
- to anyone in this class?
- for children to visit the museum.
- about the clothes I wear.
- into a tree at the side of the road.
- on where to go for your holiday?
- at London Paddington station?
- in good luck and back luck.
- with each other on the runway.
- of a kitchen, living room and two bedrooms.
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Does this mobile phone belong
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You don't have to pay
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My mother's always complaining
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The police car crashed
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Did you and your friends decide
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What time does the train arrive
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I find it difficult to believe
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The two planes didn't collide
-
The apartment consists
CorrectoIncorrecto
REGLAS AVANZADAS
Cuando colocamos una ‘dependent preposition’, esta deberá siempre ir acompañada de un objeto. Este objeto puede ser un nombre, pronombre o gerundio.
- I apologised to the managing director.
- I apologised for arriving late.
Si el objeto que acompaña a la dependent preposition es un gerundio, este puede tener su propio sujeto; Este sujeto puede ser un sintagma nominal, un pronombre o, en un inglés más formal, un adjetivo posesivo.
- I’m looking forward to my wife returning.
- Dad insisted on us apologising.
- The detective insisted on our leaving the crime scene (más formal).
Si después de una preposición queremos expresar condición, debemos hacerlo con ‘whether‘ y nunca con ‘if‘
- That depends on whether you pass the test.
That depends on if you pass the test.
Algunas veces, palabras distintas que vienen de la misma raíz usan la misma dependent preposition.
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- She succeeded in winning an Oscar (to succeed in sth).
- We congratulated her on her success in winnin an Oscar (a success in sth).
- We depend on his generosity.
- We are dependent on his generosity.
- I expressed my gratitude for their assistance.
- I was grateful for their assistance.
- He’s always had an interest in art.
- He’s always been interested in art.
No obstante, esto no ocurre siempre así, y tenemos por ejemplo sustantivos que llevan una determinada preposición, mientras que su correspondiente verbo no usa ninguna o usa otra diferente.
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- The members had a discussion about the subscription charges.
The members discussed about the subscription charges.- The members discussed the subscription charges.
- I respect Louis enormously
- I have enormous respect for Louis.
También, en ocasiones, encontramos nombres + preposición que solo pueden ir seguidos de nombre tras su preposición.
- The court issued a demand for repayment of the debt.
The court issued a demand for repaying of the debt.
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Dependent prepositions (C1)
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Pregunta 1 de 2
1. Pregunta
Match the sentence beginnings with the endings.
Ordenar elementos
- of asking them.
- for news of their loved ones.
- of whether you want to do it or not, it's an order.
- of them not getting here in time.
- at the fact that I'd finally found a job.
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Although I had a lot of questions I was afraid
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The passengers' relatives were anxious
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It's not a matter
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We have to face the possibility
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My parents expressed surprise
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Pregunta 2 de 2
2. Pregunta
Match the sentence beginnings with the endings.
Ordenar elementos
- of things we know little about.
- about the absence of life jackets.
- in criticising his classmates.
- in approving your application for planning permission.
- of large animals.
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We tend to be scared
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As I stepped onto the boat I suddenly felt anxious
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Danny takes great pleasure
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The committee sees no problem
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Ever since that experience at the zoo she's been afraid
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Pregunta 1 de 1
1. Pregunta
Complete the article with suitable prepositions.
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PHONE NETWORKS ON BRINK OF COLLAPSE
By Jeremy Iston
The Ever-Growing demand (1) smartphones has placed an unexpected strain on the world’s mobile phone networks.
Smartphones are full of applications designed to send and receive emails, surf the Internet, watch online videos and access social networking sites. Although the mobile phone network has been upgraded to deal with the tasks (2) transmitting this kind of data, it was originally made (3) the transmission of basic phone calls and text messages, and is therefore struggling to find a way (4) dealing with these increasing demands.
It is sophisticated applications on the new smartphones which are responsible (5) most of this increase (6) cellular traffic. To ensure that information available (7) their users is kept constantly up to date, some of these applications connect to the network every eight seconds. Others continously stream information or stay logged on for hours while downloading videos or messages. This has the effect (8) monopolising the network and slowing down speeds for other users. Phones crowded (9) these data-hungry applications are selling at a phenomenal rate and are popular (10) many young people. In the UK over 60,000 phones that use the Android wireless system are sold every day.
If demand continues to grow at this rate the entire system is in danger (11) collapsing. What is the solution (12) this problem? The latest LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology can deal with much larger volumes of traffic, but requires new phone masts and new handsets. The expense (13) installing the new 5G network and producing new handsets means that the prospect (14) such a system being adopted worldwide is unlikely in the immediate future. The alternative is to build more transmitters. We may be fond (15) our mobile phones, but do we really want more of these eyesores cluttering up our cities and countryside?
CorrectoIncorrecto -
DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS (2)
1º Preposición o ‘to + infinitivo’
Muchos adjetivos de los que se usan para describir sentimientos y emociones pueden ir seguidos de una preposición. No obstante, esta estructura puede cambiarse por ‘to + infinitivo‘.
- We were annoyed at finding our places taken.
- We were annoyed to find our places taken.
- He’s keen on learning archery.
- He’s keen to learn archery.
2º Preposición o ‘that clause’
Muchas de las palabras que se usan para describir o informar de lo que decimos, pensamos o sentimos pueden ir seguidas de una preposición + gerundio. Algunas de estas palabras pueden también ir seguidas de una ‘that clause’.
- The judge insisted on the jury disregarding the doctor’s testimony.
- The judge insisted that the jury disregarded the doctor’s testimony.
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Pregunta 1 de 1
1. Pregunta
Complete each sentence with the correct form of a suitable verb from box A and a preposition from box B. Use each verb once only. Some of the prepositions will be needed more than once. You don’t have to use all the prepositions.
A: accuse, agree, blame, convince, cure, explain, present, prevent
B: about, for, from, to, of, on, over, with
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- Somehow I managed to my parents my innocence
- The immigration authorities couldn’t the refugees entering the country.
- Do you honestly think this treatment will him stutter?
- The Chief Constable is going to Harold this year’s award for bravery.
- In my opinion we can today’s unemployment problem the previous government.
- I’m rather confused; you’d better that procedure me again.
- I wouldn’t dare him stealing, although I certainly don’t trust him.
CorrectoIncorrecto -
VERBOS CON DIFERENTES PREPOSICIONES
AGREE ON
Se usa con el significado de ponerse de acuerdo en un tema en concreto.
- We agreed on a time to meet.
AGREE TO
Se usa para que alguien permite que algo se haga u ocurra.
- Once the government agreed to the scheme, it went ahead without delay.
AGREE WITH
Usamos la preposición ‘with‘ con el verbo ‘agree‘ cuando queremos mencionar la persona con la que se está de acuerdo en algo.
- Adam thinks we should accept the offer, and I agree with him.
También se puede utilizar para expresar que estamos de acuerdo con una idea, descripción o acción. También se pueden usar con este significado las preposiciones ‘about‘ y ‘on‘
- I agree with letting children choose the clothes they wear (I agree about/on…).
- Stefan’s story agreed with that of his son.
ARGUE FOR
Se usa para dar razones por las que pensamos que algo es verdadero o correcto.
- Many people are arguing for a big tax cut.
ARGUE WITH
Se usa cuando se indica la persona involucrada en la discusión.
- I used to argue with Pedro for hours.
ASK FOR
Se usa para hablar de lo que la gente quiere o necesita. Se puede traducir como pedir.
- He finished the drink quickly and asked for another one.
ASK OF
Se puede utilizar ask of + sb para hacer peticiones.
- I have a favour to ask of you and your sister.
CARE ABOUT
Se usa para hablar sobre un asunto o tema que nos preocupa o no.
- He doesn’t seem to care about the effect a poor diet has on him.
CARE FOR
Se utiliza para hablar a cerca de las cosas que necesitan hacerse para que alguien mantenga su estado de salud o que algo se mantenga en buenas condiciones. Podría traducirse en ocasiones como cuidar y es sinónimo de ‘take care of‘
- Jo cared for her disabled mother until her death last year.
También se puede utilizar con el significado de gustar. En este uso se considera como una expresión bastante formal.
- I don’t care for the theatre much.
También se utiliza para hacer ofrecimientos en situaciones formales. En este caso con el significado de querer (want).
- Would you care for a cup of coffee?
KNOW OF & KNOW ABOUT
Se emplean para hablar sobre discutir, tener o conseguir información. En el caso de usar ‘of’ es más formal que en el caso de usar ‘about’ que se emplea en situaciones más informales.
- The whole country knew of Churchill’s love of cigars. (…knew about… sería menos formal)
LEARN ABOUT & LEARN OF
Aprender o enterarse sobre un determinado tema o asunto. La preposición ‘of‘ haría la oración más formal, mientras que deberemos usar ‘about‘ en situaciones más informales.
- I have just learnt of the death of Dr. Ramirez. (…learnt about… sería menos formal)
TALK OF & TALK ABOUT
Como en otros casos vistos, ambas opciones son correctas para ‘hablar de algo’ o ‘discutir sobre algo’, siendo el uso de ‘of‘ más formal que el de ‘about‘ que es considerado más informal.
- Mira went recently to Laos and can talk of nothing else. (…talk about… sería más informal).
TALK ON
Podemos usar esta preposición con talk para referirse a ‘hablar sobre un tema en concreto‘. En esta situación también podría usarse ‘talk about‘.
- I was asked to talk on my research.
TALK WITH
Usamos esta preposición cuando queremos nombrar la persona con la que se habla.
- I used to talk with Pedro for hours.
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Pregunta 1 de 7
1. Pregunta
Choose all the prepositions that can be used in each sentence.
1. I only advertised the car for sale on Wednesday, but by the end of the week ten people had phoned to ask _____ it.
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Pregunta 2 de 7
2. Pregunta
2. We can learn a great deal _____ the oceans by studying even a small piece of coral.
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Pregunta 3 de 7
3. Pregunta
3. I didn’t agree _____ a word of what she said.
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Pregunta 4 de 7
4. Pregunta
4. Professor Owen is giving a talk _____ the Romans in Lecture Hall 1.
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Pregunta 5 de 7
5. Pregunta
5. I had to care _____ my elderly parents when they both became ill.
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Pregunta 6 de 7
6. Pregunta
6. For many years we have been arguing _____ changes in the way the college is managed.
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Pregunta 7 de 7
7. Pregunta
7. She didn’t know _____ her stepbrother’s existence until her mother died.
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NOMBRES + PREPOSICIÓN (2)
OF + GERUNDIO
Algunos nombres pueden ir seguidos de la preposición ‘of + gerundio’. Pero estos por norma general no suelen ir seguidos de ‘to + infinitivo’.
- He’s got into the habit of biting his nails when he’s nervous.
Algunos nombres que suelen seguir este patrón son: cost, effect, fear, likelihood, possibility, probability, problem, prospect, risk o sign.
TO + INFINITIVO
Otros nombres por contra suelen ir seguidos en ocasiones por ‘to + infinitivo‘ y raramente de ‘for + gerundio‘.
- His unhappy childhood explains his reluctance to talk about his parents.
Algunos nombres que suelen seguir este patrón son: ability, attempt, concern, decision, desire, determination, failure, inability, permission, proposal, reason, refusal, (un)willingness.
Recordemos que esta no tiene porqué ser la única opción de estos nombres, pues pueden muchos de ellos usar otras preposiciones además de esta estructura.
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Dependent prepositions ()